Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
ISO 17427 consists of the following parts, under the general title Intelligent transport systems — Cooperative ITS:
— Part 2: Framework Overview [Technical Report]
— Part 3: Concept of operations (ConOps) for ‘core’ systems [Technical Report]
— Part 4: Minimum system requirements and behaviour for core systems [Technical Report]
— Part 6: ‘Core system’ risk assessment methodology [Technical Report]
— Part 7: Privacy aspects [Technical Report]
— Part 8: Liability aspects [Technical Report]
— Part 9: Compliance and enforcement aspects [Technical Report]
— Part 10: Driver distraction and information display [Technical Report]
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 1: Roles and responsibilities in the context of co-operative ITS architecture(s)
— Part 5: Common approaches to security [Technical Report]
— Part 11: Compliance and enforcement aspects [Technical Report]
— Part 12: Release processes [Technical Report]
— Part 13: Use case test cases [Technical Report]
— Part 14: Maintenance requirements and processes [Technical Report]
This Technical Report provides an informative ‘minimum system requirements and behaviour for core systems’ for Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). It is intended to be used alongside ISO 17427-1, ISO/TR 17465-1 and other parts of ISO 17465, and ISO 21217. Detailed specifications for the application context will be provided by other ISO, CEN and SAE deliverables, and communications specifications will be provided by ISO, IEEE and ETSI.
Introduction
Intelligent transport systems (ITS) are transport systems in which advanced information, communication, sensor and control technologies, including the Internet, are applied to increase safety, sustainability, efficiency, and comfort.
A distinguishing feature of ‘ITS’ is its communication with outside entities.
Some ITS systems operate autonomously, for example, ‘adaptive cruise control’ uses radar/lidar and/or video to characterize the behaviour of the vehicle in front and adjust its vehicle speed accordingly. Some ITS systems are informative, for example, ‘variable message signs’ at the roadside or transmitted into the vehicle, provide information and advice to the driver. Some ITS systems are semi-autonomous in that they are largely autonomous but rely on ‘static’ or ‘broadcast’ data, for example, GNSS (2.22) based ‘SatNav’ systems operate autonomously within a vehicle but are dependent on receiving data broadcast from satellites in order to calculate the location of the vehicle.
Cooperative Intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) are a group of ITS technologies where service provision is enabled by, or enhanced by, the use of ‘live’, present situation related, dynamic data/information from other entities of similar functionality [for example, from one vehicle to other vehicle(s)], and/or between different elements of the transport network, including vehicles and infrastructure [for example, from the vehicle to an infrastructure managed system or from an infrastructure managed system to vehicle(s)]. Effectively, these systems allow vehicles to ‘talk’ to each other and to the infrastructure. These systems have significant potential to improve the transport network.
A distinguishing feature of ‘C-ITS’ is that data is used across application/service boundaries.
This Technical Report is a ‘living document’ and as our experience with C-ITS develops, it is intended that it will be updated from time to time, as and when we see opportunities to improve this Technical Report.
1   Scope
The scope of this Technical Report is, as an informative document, to identify potential critical minimum system requirements and behaviour for core systems issues that C-ITS service provision may face or introduce, to consider strategies for how to identify, control, limit or mitigate such issues. The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues and to give pointers, where appropriate, to subject areas and, where available, to existing standards deliverables that provide specifications for all or some of these aspects. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.
2   Terms and definitions
2.1
anonymity
lacking individuality, distinction, and recognizability within message exchanges
2.2
anonymous certificates
certificate which contains a pseudonym of the system user instead of their real identity in the subject of the certificate and thus preventing other system service recipients from identifying the certificate owner when the certificate is used to sign or encrypt a message in the connected vehicle/highway system (C-ITS, connected vehicle)
Note 1 to entry: The real identity of the anonymous certificates can be traced by authorized system operators by using the services of a registration authority and/or certification authority.
2.3
application
‘app’
software application
2.4
application service
service provided, for example, by a service provider accessing data from the IVS within the vehicle in the case of C-ITS, via a wireless communications network, or provided on-board the vehicle as the result of software (and potentially also hardware and firmware) installed by a service provider or to a service provider’s instruction
2.5
authenticity
property of being of undisputed origin and not a copy, authenticated, and having the origin supported by unquestionable evidence
Note 1 to entry: Something that has had its authenticity confirmed could be described as “authenticated” or “verified”.
2.6
authorization
process of determining what types of activities or access are permitted on a network
Note 1 to entry: This is usually used in the context of authentication: once you have authenticated a user, they may be authorized to have access to a specific service.
2.7
bad actor
role played by a user or another system that provides false or misleading data, operates in such a fashion as to impede other service recipients, and/or operates outside of its authorized scope
2.8
C-ITS
Cooperative ITS
group of ITS technologies where service provision is enabled, or enhanced by, the use of ‘live’, present situation related, data/information from other entities of similar functionality [(for example, from one vehicle to other vehicle(s)], and/or between different elements of the transport network, including vehicles and infrastructure (for example from the vehicle to an infrastructure managed system or from an infrastructure managed system to vehicle(s)
2.9
catalogue
repository used by the ‘Data Distribution subsystem’ for maintaining data publishers information including the type of data they are transmitting, frequency of that data, address, data source, etc.
2.10
centre
entity that provides application, management, administrative, and support functions from a fixed location (the terms “back office” and “centre” are used interchangeably)
Note 1 to entry: Centre is, traditionally, a transportation-focused term, evoking management centres to support transportation needs, while back office generally refers to commercial applications; from the perspective of this Technical Report, these are considered the same.
2.11
core services
set of functions within the ‘Core System’ subsystems that interact with system service recipients
2.12
core system personnel
staff that operate and maintain the ‘Core System’
Note 1 to entry: In addition to network managers and operations personnel, ‘Core System’ personnel includes the administrators, operators, maintainers, developers, deployers and testers.
2.13
coverage area
geographic jurisdiction within which a ‘Core System’ provides core services (2.11)
2.14
data provision
act of providing data to a core system
2.15
delta
updates
records
data that is new since the last block of data that was downloaded
2.16
digital certificate
electronic “identification card” that establishes user credentials when doing business or other transactions
Note 1 to entry: This is issued by a certification authority: contains name, a serial number, expiration dates, a copy of the certificate holder's public key (2.40) (used for encrypting messages and digital signatures), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the certificate is real.
Note 2 to entry: From the SysAdmin, Audit, Network, Security Institute - www.sans.org
2.17
environment
circumstances, objects, and conditions that surround a system to be built
Note 1 to entry: It includes technical, political, commercial, cultural, organizational, and physical influences, as well as standards and policies that govern what a system shall do or how it will do it.
2.18
error message
message that indicates issues with cross-jurisdictional compatibility, scope coverage service or service availability
2.19
facility
building or group of buildings with access restrictions housing a ‘Core System’
2.20
functionality
capabilities of the various computational, user interfaces, input, output, data management, and other features provided by a product
2.21
geo-cast
delivery of a message to a group of network destinations identified by their geographic locations
2.22
global navigation satellite system
GNSS
comprises several networks of satellites that transmit radio signals containing time and distance data that can be picked up by a receiver, allowing the user to identify the location of its receiver anywhere around the globe
EXAMPLE:GPS, GLONASS, Galileo.
2.23
integrity
internal consistency or lack of corruption in electronic data
EXAMPLE:A system that is secure, complete and conforming to an acceptable conduct without being vulnerable and corruptible.
2.24
intelligent transport systems
ITS
transport systems in which advanced information, communication, sensor and control technologies, including the Internet, are applied to increase safety, sustainability, efficiency, and comfort
2.25
link
locus of relations among nodes
Note 1 to entry: It provides interconnections between nodes for communication and coordination; may be implemented by a wired connection or with some radio frequency (RF) or optical communications media; links implement the primary function of transporting data; links connect to nodes at a port (2.38).
2.26
maintainability
keep in an existing operational state preserved from failure or decline of services (with minimum repair, efficiency, or validity)
2.27
misbehaviour
act of providing false or misleading data, operating in such a fashion as to impede other service recipients, or to operate outside of their authorized scope
Note 1 to entry: This includes suspicious behaviour as in wrong message types or frequencies, invalid logins and unauthorized access, or incorrect signed or encrypted messages, etc., either purposeful or unintended.
2.28
misbehaviour information
misbehaviour (2.27) reports from system service recipients, as well as other improper system user acts, such as sending wrong message types, invalid logins, unauthorized access, incorrectly signed messages and other inappropriate system user behaviour
2.29
misbehaviour report
information from a system user identifying suspicious behaviour from another system user that can be characterized as misbehaviour (2.27)
2.30
mobile
vehicle types (private/personal, trucks, transit, emergency, commercial, maintenance, and construction vehicles) as well as non-vehicle-based platforms including portable personal devices (smartphones, PDAs, tablets, etc.) used by travellers (vehicle operators, passengers, cyclists, pedestrians, etc.) to provide and receive transportation information
2.31
mode
phase within a state (degraded mode occurs automatically due to certain conditions), such as, when in operational state (2.33), there is an automatic transition to degraded mode because of a detected hardware failure
Note 1 to entry: Modes are normal, degraded, restricted and degraded/restricted.
2.32
node
physical hardware engineering object that is a run-time computational resource and generally has at least memory and processing capability
Note 1 to entry: Run-time software engineering objects reside on nodes; node has some well-understood, possibly rapidly moving, location [a node may be composed of two or more (sub) nodes].
2.33
operational state
all activities during the normal conduct of operations and also needs to be able to handle support for services from other ‘Cores Systems’ including fail-over and/or degraded services
2.34
operator
day-to-day providers of the ‘Core System’ that monitor the health of the system components, adjust parameters to improve performance, and collect and report statistics of the overall system
2.35
parsing
analysing (a string, text or data) into logical syntactic components
2.36
permission
authorization (2.6) granted to do something (to the ‘Core System’), permissions are granted to system service recipients and operators (2.34) determining what actions they are allowed to take when interacting with the ‘Core System’
2.37
physical security
safeguards to deny access to unauthorized personnel (including attackers or even accidental intruders) from physically accessing a building, facility (2.19), resource, or stored information (this can include simply a locked door, badge access controls, or armed security guards)
2.38
port
physical element of a node (2.32) where a link (2.25) is connected; nodes may have one or more ports;each port may connect to one or more physical ports on (sub) nodes that are contained within the node
2.39
private network
network belonging to a person, company or organization that uses a public network (usually the Internet) to connect its remote sites or service recipients together
2.40
public key
cryptographic key that can be obtained and used by anyone to encrypt messages intended for a particular recipient, such that the encrypted messages can be deciphered only by using a second key that is known only to the recipient (the private key)
2.41
registry
repository for maintaining data requester’s information including the type of data they are subscribing to, their address, etc.
2.42
states
distinct system setting in which the same user input will produce different results than it would in other settings
Note 1 to entry: The ‘Core System’ as a whole is always in one state [a state is typically commanded or placed in that state by an operator (2.34); states are installation, operational, maintenance, training, and standby].

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